Following all-night negotiations, the text proposed by the Emirati presidency of the COP28 summit in Dubai would, if approved, mark the first time that all fossil fuels are addressed in the 28-year history of international climate conferences.
The text calls for “transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, so as to achieve net zero by 2050 in keeping with the science”.
But the document does not mention the “phase-out” demanded by Western nations and low-lying island states most vulnerable to rising seas and tropical storms.
The COP28 presidency scheduled a plenary session at 9:30 am (0530 GMT) in the hope of the text receiving consensus approval from nearly 200 nations.
Stephen Cornelius of the conservation group WWF called the new draft a “sorely needed improvement”, while still voicing disappointment at the lack of a full-on “phase-out” of fossil fuels.”If this text is agreed by countries, it would represent a significant moment,” he said.Stronger calls
The two-week conference in Dubai, a glitzy metropolis built on petrodollars, was supposed to end Tuesday but went into overtime as nations struggled to agree on what to do with fossil fuels, the main culprits of the climate crisis.
COP28 president Sultan Al Jaber, who heads the United Arab Emirates’ national oil company, was viewed with suspicion by climate campaigners worried that the fossil fuel industry would prevail again.
Jaber had proposed a draft on Monday that was roundly rejected as too weak for merely suggesting that nations “could” reduce the consumption and production of fossil fuels, among other options.
The new draft explicitly “calls on” all nations to contribute through a series of actions, including transitioning from fossil fuels.
While not using the term “phase-out” on fossil fuels, it endorses work towards a phase-down of “unabated coal power” — meaning that coal with carbon capture technology to reduce emissions, panned by many environmentalists as unproven, could continue.
It also calls for “phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that do not address energy poverty or just transitions, as soon as possible”.
Island nations, backed by Western powers, responded that they would not sign their own “death warrant”, forcing Jaber back to the drawing board.
Jaber held talks deep into the night with negotiators from across the world in his office in the sprawling Expo City complex.
European officials had signalled that they were willing to find compromise language while US climate envoy John Kerry said “progress” was made in the talks.
‘Super-majority’ vs OPEC nations
The 2015 Paris summit endorsed checking warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius — a goal repeated in the latest draft, but which critics say is virtually impossible without serious efforts to curb oil, gas and coal.
More than 130 countries from Europe, the Pacific, the Caribbean and the Americas, including Brazil and the United States, joined forces to call for an exit from oil, gas and coal.
EU climate chief Wopke Hoekstra said a “super majority” of the nearly 200 countries in the talks wanted stronger action on fossil fuels.
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq have been the most vocal opponents of a phase-out, and the OPEC oil cartel had urged its members to block any deal targeting fossil fuels.
At an energy conference in neighbouring Qatar on Tuesday, Kuwaiti oil minister Saad Hamad Nasser Al Barrak said a phase-out was a “racist and colonial” proposal that would wreck economies in the region.
Iraq’s oil minister, Hayyan Abdul Ghani Al Sawad, said: “Fossil fuels will remain the major source of energy in the whole world”.
