Image source, Getty Images
US Congress members have grilled TikTok boss Shou Zi Chew over the the safety of the social media app.
Many Western countries are also taking measures against other Chinese tech firms over security fears.
What restrictions have been introduced against TikTok?
TikTok is a platform for creating and sharing short videos and is owned by the Chinese company ByteDance.
The app has been banned on government devices in Canada, Belgium, Denmark, New Zealand, Taiwan, the UK and the US.
The UK government has banned TikTok on the phones it gives its staff
The EU told its staff to remove the app from phones it has issued, and also recommended they remove it from private devices on which official apps are installed.
India has banned TikTok outright because of security concerns.
Afghanistan has also banned it to prevent young people from “being misled”.
Why do countries think TikTok poses a security risk?
TikTok gathers the same type of user data as many other social media firms such as Facebook and Instagram.
This includes names, ages, phone numbers, email addresses and photos.
TikTok also has a tool which recommends video clips for users to watch, called the “For You” feed, which experts say is better designed than those used by Facebook or Youtube.
“TikTok has a more complex model in terms of showing content to its users,” says Dr Maryam Mehrnezhad from the Department of Information Security at Royal Holloway, University of London. “This makes the spread of misinformation easier and its identification and detection more difficult.”
Which other Chinese tech has been targeted?
Chinese companies specialising in 5G technology such as Huawei, ZTE and Hytera have been banned from installing equipment on networks in Australia, the US, Japan, India, and Canada.
Image source, Getty Images
Huawei has been blocked from installing equipment in many countries’ 5G networks
The US and Dutch governments are restricting the export of semiconductors to China because of security fears over the country’s development of supercomputing and AI technology.
The UK and Australian government have ordered Chinese-made security cameras to be removed from sensitive sites.
What is behind these bans?
Governments fear that 5G equipment installed by Chinese firms in foreign countries’ networks contains “backdoors” through which data can be passed back to Beijing.
Through companies such as Hikvision, China is the world’s largest producer of security cameras. It is thought that that these could also be secretly feeding intelligence to China.
“Why wouldn’t they have put in backdoor access?” asks Prof Anderson. “Western countries have done that for years when they’ve built telephone networks around the world.”
Image source, Getty Images
Countries like Australia and the UK are removing Chinese-made cameras from sensitive sites
There’s no hard evidence that China is using its tech firms for espionage, says Jake Moore, global security advisor to ESET, an internet security firm.
However, he says: “There’s a fear that firms like Huawei and TikTok have become so big that they could be hacking huge amounts of data and damaging national security.
“Governments are right to take precautions against it now rather than later.”
What does China say about curbs on its tech firms?
TikTok insists it gathers no more data than other social media apps, and is independent of the government.
Image source, Getty Images
In 2022, it admitted that some of its staff in China could access user data gathered in Europe, but it says that it is working on ways of keeping such information within Europe.
It also says that American users’ data is nowadays processed through US servers, and does not go to China.
