Gay and bisexual men in monogamous relationships can give blood in the US without abstaining from sex under updated federal health guidelines that focus on donors’ behavior, not their sexual orientation.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines finalized on Thursday ease decades-old restrictions designed to protect the blood supply from HIV.
The agency announced plans for the change in January and said this week the new approach can now be implemented by blood banks.
The updated guidelines do away with a requirement that men who have sex with men abstain from sex for three months prior to giving blood.
Instead, all potential donors – regardless of sexual orientation, sex or gender – will be screened with a new questionnaire that evaluates their individual risks for HIV based on sexual behavior, recent partners and other factors.
Potential donors who report having anal sex with new partners in the last three months will be barred from giving until a later date.
The FDA said the new policy reflects the latest scientific evidence and is in line with rules in the UK and Canada.
It is the latest move by the FDA to broaden donor eligibility, with the potential to boost donations.
“The implementation of these recommendations will represent a significant milestone for the agency and the LGBTQ+ community,” said Dr Peter Marks, director of the FDA center for biological therapies.
Gay rights groups have long opposed blanket restrictions on who can give blood, saying they discriminate. Medical societies including the American Medical Association have said exclusions are unnecessary given advances in blood testing.
Anyone who has ever tested positive for HIV will continue to be ineligible to donate blood. Those taking pills to prevent HIV through sexual contact will be barred until three months after their last dose. The FDA noted that the medications, known as PrEP, can delay the detection of the virus in screening tests.
The Human Rights campaign, an LGBTQ+ advocacy group, called Thursday’s announcement “a real step forward”, adding that more “can and must be done so that people taking PrEP can donate as well”.
The FDA sets requirements and procedures for US blood banks. All potential donors answer questions about sexual history, injectable drug use, and recent tattoos or piercings, among other factors that can contribute to the spread of blood-borne infections. Donated blood is then tested for HIV, hepatitis C, syphilis and other infectious diseases.
In 2015, the FDA dropped the lifetime ban on donations from men who have sex with men and replaced it with a one-year abstinence requirement. In 2020, the agency shortened the abstinence period to three months, after donations plummeted during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Regulators said there has been no negative impact on the blood supply as a result of those changes.
