Half of cases of anxiety and depression among new and expectant mothers in the UK are going undiagnosed, top midwives have warned, as they called for a boost in staff numbers to help spot more cases of mental ill health.
The Royal College of Midwives (RCM) said that 10% to 20% of women develop a mental illness during pregnancy or within the first year after having a baby, which can include anxiety and depression and severe mental health issues. But too many cases of perinatal cases of anxiety or depression are being missed, despite contact with professionals, it said in its report.
The RCM said that mental health needs remain “secondary” to physical health needs of women during pregnancy in the NHS. Birte Harlev-Lam, executive director of the RCM, said: “Midwives are telling us they have quite a short time with women. So although midwives are the health professional that women see the most during their pregnancy, and they see them face-to-face, they often have really short appointment slots – they might be 15 minutes or 20 minutes – and in that time they have to do a whole host of observations and checking on the mother and the baby, and so on.
“So the time to sit down and have a really honest conversation is quite limited. We do know time is definitely a pressure and of course that goes back to the shortage of staff that we see.”
She added: “The other thing we know is that midwives don’t always have the right education, or enough of the right education, to really have some of those in-depth conversations.
“Some 85% maternity units do have a perinatal mental health midwife who can support and advise all the other midwives, but actually they don’t all have a full-time perinatal mental health midwife. And of course, there’s the 15% who don’t have a perinatal mental health midwife at all.
“So the support for the midwives who sit in front of the women and have those conversations is not … always there.”
The report on mental health on mothers spanning pregnancy and the first year of their baby’s life highlights a number of shortcomings in mental health care, including:
Some 15% of maternity units do not have specialist perinatal mental health midwives.
Where these specialists are available they are sometimes being used to cover staff shortages elsewhere.
An estimated 70% of women are either hiding or underplaying the severity of their mental health problems which shows that the “societal expectation” of the passage to parenthood “can be very different to the reality”, the report authors said.
Difficulties in accessing care can arise from: variation in availability of service, care, and treatment; cultural stigma; previous trauma; deprivation and discrimination.
Between 2018 and 2020, suicide was the leading cause of maternal death in the first year after birth.
The RCM is calling for 350 additional midwives to help women struggling with their mental health around the time of birth. It said that all health workers in contact with pregnant women and new mothers should have annual mental health training.
Meanwhile, every NHS trust or health board should have at least one specialist midwife, it added. An NHS England spokesperson said: “Women across England are benefiting from specialist perinatal mental health support with an estimated 51,000 new mums treated over the last year – up nearly 60% compared to two years ago – with every local health system now having access to a specialist community perinatal mental health team.
“The NHS Long Term Workforce Plan commits to increasing the maternity workforce, and perinatal mental health services continue to expand including new services for women experiencing mental health difficulties arising from trauma or loss in the perinatal period.”
