India’s urban narrative is marked by a significant demographic shift. With United Nations projections indicating that nearly half of India’s population will reside in urban areas by 2047, cities are becoming the epicentres of economic activity. Contributing over 70% to the GDP, they stand as testaments to economic productivity. However, this urbanisation isn’t without its share of challenges. The burgeoning urban population leads to issues like overcrowding, infrastructure strain, and environmental degradation. The transformation of rural settlements into peri-urban areas and Tier-III and IV towns adds to this complexity, reflecting similar characteristics of urban sprawl.
The Smart Cities Mission, a visionary initiative by the Indian government, embodies the nation’s stride towards urban modernisation. It harnesses technology to forge cities that are not only livable and sustainable but also inclusive. While significant progress has been made, with advancements in areas like e-governance, waste management, and public transportation, the journey is fraught with challenges. These include funding constraints, lack of technical expertise, and the need for greater citizen engagement.
Environmental sustainability has emerged as a critical aspect of urban development. The adverse effects of rapid urbanisation, evident in the alarming levels of air and water pollution, pose severe health risks. This situation calls for urgent action to mitigate pollution and embrace sustainable practices. The phenomenon of urban heat islands further underscores the need for environmental focus in urban planning. Here, the application of RICS standards, particularly the Whole Life Carbon Assessments (WLCA), becomes pivotal. These standards offer a comprehensive framework for assessing and reducing the carbon footprint of buildings and infrastructure throughout their lifecycle, aligning with India’s commitment to sustainability.
Transportation and infrastructure are at the crux of urban challenges and advancements. The lack of efficient public transportation systems has led to increased road congestion and pollution. However, cities are countering these challenges by investing in modern transportation infrastructure like metro rail systems and bus rapid transit corridors. Digital infrastructure advancements, such as ride-hailing apps and real-time traffic monitoring, have revolutionized urban mobility, enhancing efficiency and reducing congestion.
Housing and real estate dynamics are also shifting. The acute need for affordable housing is palpable, with government initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) aimed at providing relief to the urban poor. Concurrently, there’s an increased demand for luxury apartments and gated communities, reflecting the changing economic and lifestyle patterns in urban India.The social fabric of urban India is evolving with its cities. The infusion of diverse cultures and global influences has led to the adoption of new lifestyles and values. This cultural metamorphosis is giving rise to new subcultures that are redefining the urban way of life. Emerging lifestyle trends, such as the rise in fitness and wellness culture, sustainable living practices, and the influence of social media, are shaping the urban ethos.In conclusion, the urban transformation of India is a multifaceted journey. It’s a narrative of cities evolving from traditional urban centers to becoming hubs of innovation, culture, and sustainable development. The future of urban India lies in striking a balance between economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion. As India strides towards its urban future, its cities are not merely growing; they are evolving, promising a more sustainable, inclusive, and vibrant urban future for all.
The author is Senior Public Affairs Officer, India, RICS.
